Rationale.  Problem: because of multiscale complexity, conceptual, mechanism-based, in vitro-to-in vivo mapping models are hard to falsify and can be flawed in ways that may not be obvious until challenged experimentally, which can be costly.  When the results of such experiments are equivocal or not supportive, the information needed to revise mechanistic hypotheses may be lacking.  Translation of in vitro phenomena to in vivo counterparts requires a mapping model.  Currently, mechanism-agnostic correlation models are common